Sonnet 130 free essay sample

In this essay I am going to discuss and explore ‘Sonnet 130’ by William Shakespeare and ‘Blessing’ by Imtiaz Dharker. I will focus on the differences and similarities between both poems in terms of language, themes and poetic devices. I feel that ‘Sonnet 130’ seems to imply the fact that Shakespeare is insulting his Mistress. He does so by saying what she is not. He says negative things about her appearance and voice. The ‘Blessing’ poem is about people and children in a slum and their reaction towards water. They believe it as the ‘Voice of a kindly god’ because they hardly get any water in the slum. Water is rare to them. The poems are similar in that they are both descriptive poems. The ‘Blessing’ by Dharker describes how the people in the slum would react and feel if there was a sudden outburst of water. As I have mentioned before water is rare to them and they feel it is a gift from god. We will write a custom essay sample on Sonnet 130 or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page We know this because in the poem it says ‘imagine the drip of it, the small splash, echo in a tin mug, the voice of a kindly god. In this stanza he is describing how rarely they get water and how much they believe just the sound of it makes them feel like it’s the sound of a kindly god. However, in ‘Sonnet 130’ Shakespeare is describing his mistress and how awful she looks and sounds. We know this because in Sonnet ‘130’ he says ‘I have seen roses damasked, red and white, But no such roses do I see in her cheeks. ’ By this line he is stating that ‘damasked roses’, meaning large and fragrant roses, are not what his Mistress’ cheeks are like. Another example is ‘And in some perfumes there is more delight, than in the breath that from my mistress reeks’. Shakespeare is saying that in perfume there is more delight in smelling it rather than his mistress’ breath which he says reeks-foul smelling. A difference between the two poems in terms of language is that Shakespeare uses old English as he was a poet, playwright in the 16th and 17th century whereas Dharker is a more of a modern day poet. For instance ‘That music hath a far more pleasing sound’. In this line Shakespeare uses the word ‘hath’ which is the old English word for ‘has’. But Dharker uses words that are from the modern day. Another similarity between the two poems is that both poems use enjambment. In Shakespeare’s sonnet the enjambment falls between the lines ‘And in some perfumes there is more delight than in the breath that from my mistress reeks. ’ After the word ‘delight’ the rest of the sentence is on another line. Then after the word ‘reeks’ there is a fullstop where the enjambment ends. A difference between both the poems is that Dharker’s poem is a normal poem and Shakespeare’s poem is a sonnet. A sonnet is a poem with fourteen lines that has a unique rhythm called an iambic pentameter. However Dharker’s poem is a normal poem that describes people’s reaction to water in a slum. Similes are used in both these poems. A simile is when you compare one thing to another thing that is common and easy to picture in your mind. In other words a good poetic device used to create an image in your head. In ‘Blessing’ Dharker uses the simile ‘The skin cracks like a pod. ’ Dharker means that, because there is hardly ever any water in the slum the ground cracks like a pod. By using a simile he has compared the ground to something common and created an image in my head. Shakespeare uses many similes in ‘Sonnet 130’. One of many examples is ‘My mistress’ eyes are nothing like the sun’. He is saying that his mistress’ eyes aren’t shiny and beautiful like the sun in fact they are the complete opposite. Both poems also use metaphors. A metaphor is a poetic device that is used to compare two things. It does so by comparing something to something else that is literally not possible. For example in Shakespeare’s poem he says ‘Coral s far more red, than her lips. ’ Shakespeare is explaining that his mistress’ lips are nothing like the coral. He is comparing it to coral because coral is red and having red lips is good but his mistress does not have nice lips. In ‘Blessing’ a example of a metaphor is ‘naked children screaming in the liquid sun’. By the words Ã¢â‚¬Ë œliquid sun’ she means they feel as if heat is being poured over them and that’s why they have been longing for water. The theme of the poem ‘Blessing’, meaning the central idea or the main focus, is how people and children feel and react when they see water. It also focus’ on why they react this way and how they feel when water is not there and how they are praying for it and when they finally do get water, they feel as if their prayers have been answered. We know this because in the second stanza they say ‘imagine the drip of it, the small splash, echo in a tin mug, the voice of a kindly god. ’ This stanza is explaining that when they hear the sound of water they feel as if it is the sound of a kindly god. However the theme of Shakespeare’s poem is totally different to the theme of ‘Blessing’. The theme of Shakespeare poem is him insulting his Mistress and how grotesque she looks. We know this because in his sonnet all of his lines are insults. For instance, ‘If hairs be wires, black wires grow on her head. ’ He says that, if wires could grow on people’s heads then that is what is growing on his Mistress’ head. Overall I think that both these poems have used a range of poetic devices. There stanzas and line are relevant to their theme. I have discovered that both poems have a number of similarities and differences between them. They both have a good use of imagery and they are easy to understand.

Dreams in Book 5 of Paradise Lost Essay Example

Dreams in Book 5 of Paradise Lost Essay Example Dreams in Book 5 of Paradise Lost Essay Dreams in Book 5 of Paradise Lost Essay Essay Topic: Paradise Paradise Lost Paradise Lost Books 5 and 6 Book five of Paradise Lost opens with Adam and Eve sleeping. An interesting event in this section was Eve’s dream. The dream is a foreshadowing to what will later happen in Eden thanks to the tree of knowledge. The dream sequence is a theme that happens in many forms of literature. The dream sequence is found in Death of a Salesman and also in the New Testament. Something always happens due to dreams and this is why Carl Jung and Freud wrestled with the concept so much. Dreams often warn people of what will come and also give insight into what people are going through. In literature dreams serve as a link to a person’s thoughts and actions. Eve’s dream is planted in her by Satan. Satan whispers in her ear, while she sleeps, of the goodness of the tree and all the powers that come with it. Satan tells Eve that with the knowledge she could be a Goddess. More proof that the dream is foreshadowing is that God sent Raphael immediately to share with Adam and Eve knowledge with the hope that they would not fall due to ignorance. However it was too late because the greatness of the fruit was already presented to them through the dream. Dreams have always been important in the Christian faith. In the Old Testament Joseph interpreted dreams of the Pharaoh. Joseph was called for, and interpreted the dreams as foretelling that seven years of abundance would be followed by seven years of famine, and advised Pharaoh to store surplus grain during the years of abundance. Before Joseph was 30 years old, Pharaoh made him viceroy over Egypt. He then later helped his family out that had previously sent him away. Another set of dreams that were influential in Christian faith were the dreams that Joseph and Mary had before Jesus was born. Whenever something important needs to be told a dream is created. Carl Jung was a philosopher that dealt with dreams. In his view dreams are the direct, natural expression of the current condition of the dreamer’s mental world. This would explain Eve’s dream and her eventual fall. Jung rejected Freud’s claim that dreams intentionally disguise their meanings, rather Jung believed that the nature of dreams is to present self portrayal. Using this viewpoint the dream in Book Five would be a thought that Eve had but never realized it until her dream Dreams provide knowledge that one has but has not experienced that knowledge. Dreams are messages in Christianity sent from God. Using dreams is an easy way for Gog to connect and express his views with followers and non followers. This practice can work, but only if Satan does not plant a dream first. As found in Book Five, if Satan implants a dream first or thoughts first the outcome can be fatal.

Proceses in Organinzations (Project Managers) Essay

Proceses in Organinzations (Project Managers) - Essay Example Planning, organizing, and controlling are the three main responsibilities of any project manager. A project manager needs many skills to execute these responsibilities. Project planning involves the task of defining the project objective and developing a plan to accomplish the objective. The project manager works with the project sponsor to define the specific objective of the project. The project manager must also develop a plan to accomplish the objective. He involves the project team members in this phase. Past experience and sound judgment is the basis for the planning process. Project organizing involves identifying and procuring the necessary resources for the project, determining the tasks that must be completed, assigning the tasks, delegating authority, and motivating the team members to work together on the project. Resources include personnel, capital, and material. Project controlling involves the task of tracking project progress and comparing it with the planned progress. Progress reports are used to measure the performance and to identify the areas for improvement. The project manager must be capable of solving the problems and getting the project back on track. The project manager must observe how the project is progressing from a higher perspective. He should know when to take action. The project manager must be equally adept at handling a team conflict, steering committee meeting, and coaching session with an end-user. Effective listening is a large part of successful communication. Interpersonal - To develop a relationship with every team member and to motivate them. Patience and commitment to the team are important factors to gain the team's trust. The project manager must exhibit integrity. Problem-Solving - To anticipate problems, identify them when they occur, and solve them quickly. Time Management - To prioritize, delegate, and manage time effectively. Project managers must adapt to ever-changing project conditions and manage the team's actions. Human resources - To interview and select team members with the proper skills and knowledge. Project managers must also have the ability to give feedback and help the team members learn, as it boosts their value. Conclusion The project manager has the primary responsibilities of planning, organizing, and controlling a project. An effective project manager must also possess a specific set of skills in order to manage projects successfully. The project manager must possess skills in business literacy, technical competency, and organizational awareness to make technical, business and appropriate information system decisions. Project managers must have the ability to understand complex systems including organizational, social, and technological systems. Technology is always changing and at a fast pace. Project managers must be ready to develop differing skill sets to keep up with this change. Most importantly, the

Target career Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Target career - Essay Example In my view no matter how well executed and implemented the strategies of the company are; it is actually money which guarantees a company’s success. With the ever increasing impact of advertising, one cannot deny the importance of numbers because at the end of the day a company has to make profits for the shareholders and survive. Further reasons of choosing accounting fields are: An accountant is very important in every company or bank or government departments. Every project and every initiative taken by the company requires money. An accountant deals with the whole money handling procedures of a firm. My target career is to work with the government to manage the countrys money inside and outside the country such us students scholarships and getting treatment abroad and employees truing courses. Working with government will give me more exposure to practical world. The responsibility of an accountant is very high because it is all about money which makes it not an easy job, but it seems interesting and fun with a high social position. The salary for the accountant in Qatar is about $10,000 to $15,000 a month, but if you have a Certified Public Accounting (CPA) your salary could be about $20,000 to $30,000 a month. In my view, this is a handsome salary package which I would want to pursue. Since I am joining it also because of my personal strengths, I find it interesting to play with numbers and I really hope that it will be an interesting as well as a fruitful and learning experience for me and I am grateful to you for the guidance which you give

Comparison of Myths and Heroes

Comparison of Myths and Heroes Heroes of Medieval Times Throughout civilization there have been many changes in the views and ethics of society. Different civilizations believed that different distinct characteristics gave a person character which changes how the rest of society will view them. As civilization has progressed there have been many heroes thatare very different. Some of these heroes have been fierce warriors who fought with passion for their empire or kingdom, while others have been loyal and sacrificed their own well being for the greater good of a civilization. All of these heroes have been a role model for their society in one way or another. People always took pride in being connected with the heroes of their time. Having a hero gives people hope and determination, which is a very important characteristic. Wars have been won because a hero has given his people the inner strength to continue even though they are extremelyoutnumbered or losing horribly. They also give people honor in being part of their city or territory. Romans would believe in this aspect very strongly. Heroes have been the back bone that has helped different civilizations continue with the support of its people. If the people in each civilization had no honoror loyalty then we would have had many more different civilizations because ofconstant overthrows and takeovers. Even in todays world heroes and role models are changing. 10 years ago sports figures used to be the highlight of every bodies life; now people are looking towards our soldiers who are fighting overseas. The same change has happened throughout known civilization. Starting with Gilgamesh, the first known piece of literature, and going through the Aneid then on to The Sermon on the Mount the concept of the hero has changed drastically. The evolution of thehero in the medieval world has changed many times; a hero in one era would not be a hero in another and this will continue into the future. The first known hero was a man named Gilgamesh who was the king of Uruk. The story of Gilgamesh is the first known piece of literature and it is avery important epic of history. Uruk was a city located in ancient Mesopotamia, which was located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. This is the location where civilization is believed to have begun. His city was seen as asymbol of strength, it had very high walls that were very strong. This was seen as a symbol of greatness by many. Gilgamesh was supposedly two thirds god and one third human. He was seen as the greatest king on earth and possessed manypowers; however, Gilgamesh was a young man that did not treat his people withrespect which would get him into some trouble. The people of Uruk were troubled with Gilgameshs treatment and prayed to the Gods. Aruru sent a wild man named Enkidu who had the same strength as Gilgamesh. He was sent to calm Gilgamesh down so the people of Uruk could have a little more peace. Gilgamesh and Enkidu end up fighting, but afterwards become great friends and have many great adventures together. Enkidu and Gilgamesh were involved in a battle where they killed the Bull of Heaven. The gods met and realized that somebody had to pay for this crime; they decided Enkidu should pay the price and he suffered for 12 days before dying. This caused Gilgamesh a lot of pain and he finally learns the feeling of loss. Gilgamesh has a rough time dealing with the loss of his best friend and decides that he can not live any longer unless he is granted immortality. Gilgamesh then turns to a sage named Utanapishtim who describes a story of an epic flood. This flood is closely related to the flood in the Christian bible. Utanapishtim builds a great boat and carries two of every animal in it. The god Enlil was very angry because someone let Utanapishtim know about the flood. Enlil decided to grant Utanapishtim and his wife complete immortality. Utanapishtim then tells Gilgamesh about a thorny plant that only grows beneath the great sea. Gilgamesh then goes on a search for this plant and eventually finds it and takes it back to the surface. The plant was later stolen from Gilgamesh by a serpent that ate the plant and then shed its skin. This is where Gilgamesh realizes that there is not an escape from death (Lawall18-34). He discovers that fame is a sense of immortality, his story and essence will live on forever (Taylor). Gilgamesh during his own time was not seen as a hero; we now can see that he was a very important hero by the story that was left behind. At firs the treated his people with disrespect by making them feel inferior, but with the gods help he was given a more personal character. In the Course of the epic, Gilgamesh changes from an arrogant, oppressive ruler whose people complain to the gods to a person who has experienced friendship, love, andloss, and who has been humbled by grief and the fear of death (Lawall 16). He learned the feeling of loss from his best friends death and also about humanity from the story of the flood. We now see Gilgamesh as a man who went through many changes which were for the better. Gilgamesh becomes a responsible ruler who rules his community with wisdom and creates human cultural achievements that outlast his own reign and are passed down to future generations. (Abusch 1) A second literary work that incorporates the importance of heroes in the ancient world is the Iliad. This story was written by the 8th century poet Homer. He utilized the people surrounding him for his writings. His poems celebrate the values of ancient Greek civilization, incorporating many ancient myths and folk motifs and examining such themes as heroism, fate, honor,loyalty, and justice (Homer 1). All of the different themes that Homer used inhis writings describe the type of person that the Greeks believed deserved thetitle of hero. The beginning of the Iliad starts after Troy had already been at warwith Greek army. The war was started because Paris was the judge of a beauty contest that involved three goddesses. The winner of the contest was going to be Paris wife. Paris chose Helen to be the most beautiful women in the world, but she was already the wife of Menelaus. Menelaus blamed Paris and turned to Agamemnon, who was his brother and he led the Greek forces to wage war on Troy. Achilles, the great Greek warrior, is mad at Agamemnon for stealing a woman that he had won as a war prize. Achilles mother, Thesis, dipped him in a liquid when he was young, which gave him immortality, but she held him by his ankle giving him one weakness. Agamemnon had taken Achilles woman because he was stripped of a woman that he had won. This causes Achilles to stop fighting the war against Troy. Achilles prays to his mother Thesis and learns that if the Trojan warrior Hector dies that it is Achilles fate to also die. As long as Hector did not die Achilles fate would not come true. The war then becomes involved with the Gods; different gods were oneach side of the war and the war constantly went back and forth between theTrojans and Greeks. The Trojans start to turn the war to their side andPatroclus decides to help out the Greeks. Patroclus was Achilles best friendand knew that if he wore Achilles armor it would give moral to the Greektroops. Patroclus drives the Trojans almost all the way back into the city, butHector engages him in battle and kills him. He then stole the armor off thecorpse of Patroclus and wears it in the continuing battles. Achilles is enragedwhen he learns of his best friends death and calls on his mother to acquire anew set of armor. Achilles finally joins the Greek army and leads them inbattle. He has absolutely no fear because he knows that his fate is death; manyTrojans are slaughtered by his revenge. Achilles finally meets with Hector andkills him. Hector, surely you thought as you killed Patroclus you would besafe, and since I was f ar away you thought nothing of me, o fool, for anavenger was left, far greater than he was, behind him and away by the hollowships (Mueller 100). After he killed hector he defiles his body by dragging Hector behind his horse because he believes Hector deserves this cruel treatment. The Trojan War is later won by the Greeks when they used a horsemade of wood to gain access to the city (Lawall 107-205). The Greek morals were very different than the morals we have today or even the morals during the time of Gilgamesh. When Achilles took the womenas a war prize it was a normal occurrence. That was what the society expected to be done. The Greeks believed in honor and loyalty for ones country as well as a man being a good strong warrior. The chief aim of a heros life is to win fame and immortality, do his duty, fulfill his fate, and guard his honor and that of his companions (Homer 3). Achilles resembles all of these characteristics; although he did go overboard with revenge at times. The Trojan War was started because Paris took Menelaus wife; he did not earn her in battle like a true warrior would. This caused the great war which was the demise of Troy. Achilles is seen as a hero because even though he knew his fate was death, if Hector was killed, he still fought for his kingdom, friend, andeven foe, Agamemnon. His mother warned him of what would happen, but the death of his friend needed to be revenged as well as the theft of Menelaus wife. Hewas strong and a great warrior, these qualities are the epitome of a Greekhero. These qualities are very different from the story of Gilgamesh where we say Gilgamesh become more of a humanitarian. Gilgamesh became more caring and forgiving to his people and his people desired this. If Achilles did that hewould be seen as a weak warrior; he would probably be challenged by anotherwarrior because of this weakness. Hector is also seen as a hero in this story because he fought with great honor for Troy. He knew that Achilles was a great warrior that would bevery difficult to defeat, yet he still engaged him in battle with honor andonly requested to die with dignity. These qualities are still very different from other civilizations that follow. A story from the Roman era that is closely related to Iliad is the Aeneid. This story was written by Romes favorite poet Virgil. This story was a rip off of Homers story and described how Rome was suppose to be founded (Taylor). Virgil wrote the story to describe how important Roman family values and sacrifice for ones country was very important. Virgil also wrote this text by taking payments from the Roman government which leads people to believe it was created to show Roman people the attributes that were desired in their society. This storys main character is Aeneas who was the prince of Troy. Aeneas had managed to make an escape while the city was being overthrown and he wasgiven a mission from the Gods. His mission was to find the city of Rome. This was seen as a very important duty because during that time if the Gods told aperson to do something it was especially important. This is the reason Romans believed they were special; the Gods wanted them to be founded. While Aeneas was sailing to the Italian peninsula the gods decided to test him. They created a large storm that blew Aeneas very far off course, and this landed his ship in Carthage. When he arrived he was welcomed by Queen Dido, who was a widow. In Carthage, Aeneas is viewed as a hero simply because he fits the physical description. Didoand Aeneas end up going on a hunting trip, but before they could make it backto the city a storm came and forced them to take shelter. They found a cave and decided to stay the night and wait for the storm to subs ide. While they were in this cave they engaged in a mutual attraction and had an intimate encounterwith each other. Aeneas does like Dido, but he does not take their relationshipas seriously as Dido does. She believes that their encounter in the cave was amarriage vow. Dido being extremely attached and attracted to Aeneas offers him theopportunity to stay in Carthage and become king. This is a very goodopportunity for Aeneas because he doesnt have to set up anything; the entirekingdom is already there and he could become rich and have a wife (Taylor). Aeneas is put in a very tough situation because he was summoned by the Gods tofound Rome, but he does love Dido and would love to stay and rule Carthage. While Aeneas was contemplating his decision the Gods sent Mercury as a messengerto remind him of his duty to find Rome. Aeneas makes the decision to leave thecomfort and ease of staying in Carthage to go back on his mission and find Rome. He is on fire to fly, and leave the too-well-loved city, astoundedat so unlooked-for a warning and at the command of the gods (Shairp 405). This passage describes how Aeneas felt about leaving Carthage. This wasnt a veryhard decision in the end because he knew that he was true to the Gods and whatwould be the city o f Rome. Aeneas and his men set sail to search for Rome and Dido completely loses her sanity. She is completely heartbroken and commits suicide, but before doing so she threatens Rome to be an enemy for alleternity. Aeneas ends up going to the land of the dead to gain some information and he meets Dido there. He tried to explain his sorrow and guilt he felt forher death, but she was reluctant to accept his apology. Aeneas ends up going onmany more expeditions and journeys, but he never finds the city of Rome. His descendant Romulus finds the city in 753 BCE. Aeneas gave up many different things that he knew he had for sure togo and try to find the city of Rome. He could have stayed in Carthage with Didoand had love, wealth, fame, and a great life; however, he decided that Rome was more important and gave up everything to go on his search. He was seen as a heroto all Romans because he resembled all of the family values that Romans had. They believed in loyalty, honesty, sacrifice, and respect. It could be said thatAeneas laid down the ground rules for the Roman values and qualities. He showed great respect for the Gods by following their orders and continuing to find Rome, and sacrifice by giving up certain wealth. This led Romans to believe that theircity was important and it was worth losing everything for. If it were possibleto have a conversation with Aeneas in the land of the dead he would say that even though he had failed to find Rome, it was worth the effort. Even if heknew he would never find Rome, his loyalty to the Gods would have kept him fromstaying in Carthage. This quality gives Aeneas a lot of character and gives himthe title of hero. The Romans also believed in many of the same characteristics the Greeks believed in, such as being a fierce warrior. When Christianity started to come into the Roman world it changed the views of what a hero was. TheRomans believed that if they were disrespected they returned the favor to whoever disrespected them. However, the Christian bible started to make its wayinto the Roman world and this was a very drastic change. In the New Testament Matthew 5-7 it states: Blessed are the poor in spirit, because theirs is the Kingdom of Heaven. Blessed are they who sorrow, because they shall be comforted. Blessed are the gentle,they shall inherit the earth. Blessed are they who are hungry and thirsty forrighteousness, because they shall be fed. Blessed are they who have pity, because they shall be pitied. Blessed are the pure in heart, because they shallsee God. Blessed are the Peace makers, because they shall be called the sons ofGod. Blessed are they who are persecuted for their righteousn ess, becausetheirs is the Kingdom of Heaven. (Lawall 1085-1086) These were the opposite views of what the traditional Romans believed. People in Rome started to turn to Christianity because it gave themindividual hope in something. It gave people the chance for individual salvation. The New Testament describes that the true believers will reach heaven, and fierce warriors who have no pity will not reach salvation. Thisshows another example of how civilization has changed its views of heroes. Heros will consistently change throughout the rest of civilization as different lifestyles and ethics come into play. All of the heroes discussed were very important role models to the people in that time. Heroes give hope and meaning in peoples lives; even though some are fierce warriors while otherstry to benefit society. Gilgamesh, Achilles, and Aeneas stories have lived on for thousands of years; this makes them true heroes that will continue to be an important role in civilizations to come. ReferencesAbusch, Tzvi. The Development and Meaning of the Epic of Gilgamesh: AnInterpretive Essay. Journal of the American Oriental Society 121. No. 4 Pg. 614-22.Homer, Iliad, Plot Summary and Discussion Issues. Goucher.11/12/2007. Pg.1-5. http://faculty.goucher.edu/eng222/homeriliad.htm. Homer. Literature Resource Center. 11/01/2007. Pg. 1-4. http://galenet.galegroup.com.ezproxy.lib.fit.edu/servlet/LitRC. Hooker, Richard. Gilgamesh. WSU. 11/01/2007. Pg 1-10. http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/MESO/GILG.HTM. Lawall, Sarah. Gilgamesh, The Iliad, The Aeneid, The New Testament. The Norton Anthology of Western Literature. Vol. 1. New York: W.W. Norton Company 2006. Pg. 15-34, 100-205, 926-1023,1082-89. Mueller, Martin. Fighting in the Iliad The Literature Resource Center. 1984. Pg. 1-12.http://galenet.galegroup.com.ezproxy.lib.fit.edu/servlet. Publius Virgilius Maro: The Aenid,. Authors Digest. Volume 17. Author Press1908. Pg. 1-4. Shairp, J. C. Virgil as a Precursor of Christianity. The Princeton Review. Vol. 4. July-December: 1879.Pg. 401-20. Taylor, Robert. Lecture, Civilization 1. Florida Institute of Technology. Fallsemester 2006. Why is Achilles the greatest of the Greek heroes?. About.com. 11/19/2007. Pg. 1. http://ancienthistory.about.com/library/weekly/aa092899a.htm

Persuasive Technology: Using Computers to Change What We Think and Do

REFERENCE AND CITATION FORMAT FOR THE COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM DR ANDY DONG The Association for Computing Machinery is the pre-eminent professional body dealing in all aspects of information technology. This is a style guide for their reference and citation format. Note that there are some slight stylistic differences between the format for the magazine Communications of the ACM (per the style in EndNote) and the ACM conference proceedings reference format (per the style in the ACM conference proceedings template). This document will describe the Communications of the ACM style.Windows 7 Check Your UnderstandingIn practice, adherence to a single, consistent style is satisfactory. References Section The References section appears at the end of the paper. All references appear alphabetically by the lead author’s last name and are numbered consecutively. A clear header should be used to indicate the start of the References. Example: References 1. Bless, H. The Interplay of Affec t and Cognition. in Forgas, J. P. ed. Feeling and Thinking: The Role of Affect in Social Cognition, Maison des Sciences de l'Homme and Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000, 201-222. . Garcia, A. C. B. and Howard, H. C. Acquiring design knowledge through design decision justification. Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing, 6 (1). 59-71. Citation As you write your report, you will cite your references. A citation to a reference in the body of the text is indicated by a bracketed number corresponding to the reference number in the References section. Example: During high stress periods, individuals should focus on the situation-specific tasks rather than rely on general knowledge structures. 1] Reference Formats GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS A complete reference should contain the name(s) of the author(s) and/or editor(s), the title of the article, the name of the book or conference proceedings where appropriate, and bibliographic information about th e article such as the name of the publisher, the city of publication, and the page numbers. The basic concept is that the reference should be sufficiently complete so that the reader could readily find the reference and can judge the authority and objectivity of the reference.All author names appear as Lastname, Initials. For example, if Andy Dong is the primary author and Alice M. Agogino is the second author, the correct appearance of the author names would be: Dong, A. , and Agogino, A. M. THIS IS THE REFERENCE FORMAT FOR A BOOK. Authors. Title. Publisher, City of Publication, Year of Publication. Example: 1. Fogg, B. J. Persuasive technology: using computers to change what we think and do. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Boston, 2003. THIS IS THE REFERENCE STYLE FOR AN ARTICLE WHICH APPEARS IN AN EDITED BOOK. Authors. Title. n Editors Title of edited book, Publisher, City of Publication, Year of Publication, Pages. Example: 1. Fischer, G. and Nakakoji, K. Amplifying designersâ€℠¢ creativity with domain-oriented design environments. in Dartnall, T. ed. Artificial Intelligence and Creativity: An Interdisciplinary Approach, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1994, 343-364. THIS IS THE REFERENCE STYLE FOR A JOURNAL OR MAGAZINE ARTICLE. Authors. Title. Journal or magazine name, Volume (Issue), Pages. Example: 1. Hirsh, H. , Coen, M. H. , Mozer, M. C. , Hasha, R. and Flanagan, J.L. Room service, AI-style. IEEE intelligent systems, 14 (2). 8-19. THIS IS THE REFERENCE STYLE FOR A CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. Authors, Title. in Title of conference, (Location of Conference, Year), Publisher, Pages. Example: 1. Leclercq, P. and Heylighen, A. 5,8 Analogies per hour: A designer's view on analogical reasoning. in 7th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Design, (Cambridge, UK, 2002), Kluwer Academic Publishers, 285-303. THIS IS THE REFERENCE STYLE FOR ELECTRONIC MEDIA (ARTICLES, IMAGES, ETC. ) RETRIEVED FROM THE WEB.FOLLOW THE REFERENCE FORMAT FOR A JOU RNAL ARTICLE AND THEN INCLUDE INFORMATION ABOUT THE WEB SITE AND THE DATE WHEN YOU RETRIEVED THE RESOURCE. NOTE THAT THE DATE OF PUBLICATION AND THE DATE OF RETRIEVAL OF THE ARTICLE MAY NOT BE THE SAME. WHEN THERE IS NO DETERMINATE DATE OF PUBLICATION, USE (N. D. ) IN THE DATE FIELD. WHERE POSSIBLE, INCLUDE THE NAME OF THE ORGANIZATION HOSTING THE WEB SITE. Examples: In the following example, the Cornell Chronicle is a regular newsletter which is published online. Thus, we follow the journal/magazine format and include the volume and issue.Steele, B. Look, Ma, no wires! Cornell class project tests wireless networking, Cornell Chronicle, 31 (35). Retrieved February 15, 2004, from Columbia University: http://www. news. cornell. edu/Chronicle/00/5. 18. 00/wireless_class. html. The following Web page has no evident author, but the â€Å"Revised date† in the footer gives us the date of publication. MIT Project Oxygen: Overview, 2004. Retrieved March 15, 2005, from Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology: http://oxygen. lcs. mit. edu/Overview. html.

Zeno of Elea

1. â€Å"There can be no creation, for being cannot come from non-being, because a thing cannot arise from that which is different from it.†Eleatics school2. Explain why for Zeno, plurality is impossible.3. Is there a possibility of motion in the world of essence? why?4. Why is nous inevitable in the dynamic system of the universe?5. Differentiate love from strife; discuss their roles in the cosmological balance.6. Ignis aurum probat, miseria fortes viros.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Fire is the test of gold; adversity, of strong men.†7. â€Å"For what prevents us from saying that the happy life is to have a mind that is free, lofty, fearless and steadfast – a mind that is placed beyond the reach of fear, beyond the reach of desire, that counts virtue the only good, baseness the only evil, and all else but a worthless mass of things, which come and go without increasing or diminishing the highest good, and neither subtract any part from the happy life nor add any part to it?A man thus grounded must, whether he wills or not, necessarily be attended by constant cheerfulness and a joy that is deep and issues from deep within, since he finds delight in his own resources, and desires no joys greater than his inner joys.†.The concept of creation is an attribute only for God, its beyond human comprehension and explanation of science. I believe that there is one Supreme Being responsible in the creation of the universe, the existence of humans and everything that exist, immaterial or material. This belief of universal oneness or sameness of being by the eleatics is undeniably wrong; we can prove this by looking at these different creatures that exists. Are they the same?Zeno believes that there could not be more than one thing, on pain of  contradiction. Assume then that there are many things; he argues that they are both ‘limited’ and ‘unlimited’, a contradiction.Zeno argues that it is impossible for a runner to traverse a race cou rse. His reason is that â€Å"motion is impossible, because an object in motion must reach the half-way point before it gets to the end† Why is this a problem? Because the same argument can be made about half of the race course: it can be divided in half in the same way that the entire race course can be divided in half. And so can the half of the half of the half, and so on, ad infinitum. So a crucial assumption that Zeno makes is that of infinite divisibility: the distance from the starting point to the goal can be divided into an infinite number of parts. Thus the concept of motion by zeno is very miss leading and erroneous.Nous is the most powerful thing in the cosmos (universe) controlling the rotation in our society and all ensouled things. It is inevitable because our mind and intellect has all the judgment and discernment about all thingsLove is responsible for the attraction of different forms of matter, and Strife is cause for their separation. If these elements mak e up of the universe, then Love and Strife explain their variation and harmony. Love and Strife are attractive and repulsive forces, respectively, which is plainly observable in human behavior, but also pervade the universe. In other words it preserves the balance of human interaction towards all sorts of human’s natural desire.Mistakes are inevitable, and failures are necessary for success – It's a fact. Nobody reap their success in life easily, as quoted â€Å"no pain no gain† so don’t be afraid to try and failed, it is where we become stronger and a test of a real man.Happiness is the ultimate search of a person. But I believe that everyone should experience also uncertainties in the pursuit of real happiness. It’s not only being